Coal seam gas (CSG) is an unconventional gas production process as global demand for cleaner energy. It is important to understand the inherent radionuclides in CSG and their enhancing mechanisms for better naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) management. The enrichment of such radionuclides is a potential risk to health and environmental exposure. This review endeavours to explore the sources of NORM, as well as potential technical enhancement routes for these radionuclides and their progenies in CSG production.